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The ventral transverse, or capitular, process of a vertebra. See Vertebra. -- Par*ap`o*phys"ic*al, a.

ral arch, or Pectoral girdle (Anat.), the two or more bony or cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the fore limbs are articulated; the shoulder girdle. In man it consists of two bones, the scapula and clavicle, on each side. -- Pectorial cross (Eccl.), a cross worn on the breast by bishops and abbo…

The ventral part of each side of the neural arch connecting with the centrum of a vertebra.

elvic arch, or Pelvic girdle (Anat.), the two or more bony or cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the hind limbs are articulated. When fully ossified, the arch usually consists of three principal bones on each side, the ilium, ischium, and pubis, which are often closely united in the adult, forming…

Surrounding the stomach; -- applied to the body cavity of Bryozoa and various other Invertebrata.

The entire covering of an invertebrate animal, as echinoderm or coelenterate; the integument.

The membrane surrounding the mouth of an invertebrate animal.

The distal segment of the hind limb of vertebrates, including the tarsus and foot.

A group of invertebrates including the Tunicata and Enteropneusta. -- Pha*ryn`gop*neus"tal, a.

uth and the esophagus. It has one or two external openings through the nose in the higher vertebrates, and lateral branchial openings in fishes and some amphibias.

ne cone. Pineal gland (Anat.), a glandlike body in the roof of the third ventricle of the vertebrate brain; -- called also pineal body, epiphysis, conarium. In some animals it is connected with a rudimentary eye, the so-called pineal eye, and in other animals it is supposed to be the remnant of a dorsal median eye.…

The class of Vertebrata that includes the fishes. The principal divisions are Elasmobranchii, Ganoidei, and Teleostei.

us system of (an animal, as a frog), as by passing a stout wire or needle up and down the vertebral canal.

One of the ventral processes of a vertebra, or the dorsal element in each half of a hemal arch, forming, or corresponding to, a vertebral rib. -- Pleu*rap`o*phys"i*al, a. Owen.

A chitinous structure which supports the gill in some invertebrates.

A grand division of the Invertebrata, including the sponges; -- called also Spongiæ, Spongida, and Spongiozoa. The principal divisions are Calcispongiæ, Keratosa or Fibrospongiæ, and Silicea.

behind, or on the caudal or posterior (that is, ulnar or fibular) side of, the axis of a vertebrate limb.

in front of the back; immediately in front, or on the ventral side the dorsal part of the vertebral column.

Prevertebral.

k or trace (Anat.), an opaque and thickened band where the mesoblast first appears in the vertebrate blastoderm.