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The warm-blooded vertebrates, comprising the mammals and birds; -- the antithesis to hematocrya.

The normal coloring matter of the red blood corpuscles of vertebrate animals. It is composed of hematin and globulin, and is also called hæmatoglobulin. In arterial blood, it is always combined with oxygen, and is then called oxyhemoglobin. It crystallizes under different forms from different animals, and when crystall…

d in Crustacea, Mollusca, etc., usually called the liver, but different from the liver of vertebrates.

istinct individuals. In the animal kingdom true hermaphrodites are found only among the invertebrates. See Illust. in Appendix, under Helminths.

Having the ganglia of the nervous system unsymmetrically arranged; -- said of certain invertebrate animals.

Having the ganglia of the nervous system symmetrically arranged, as in certain invertebrates; -- opposed to heterogangliate.

layer which lies beneath the chitinous cuticle of arthropods, annelids, and some other invertebrates.

Under the tongue; -- applied esp., in the higher vertebrates, to the twelfth or last pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the base of the tongue. -- n.

small crustacean. In a wider sense, the word is often loosely applied to various small invertebrates.

Same as Invertebrate.

ny animal substance entering into the composition of the skeleton of sponges, and other invertebrates; -- called also keratode.

ning small, calcareous concretions (otoliths). They are found in many Medusæ, and other invertebrates, and are supposed to be auditory organs.

A very large glandular and vascular organ in the visceral cavity of all vertebrates.

illed with spongy pith; pithy. Medullary groove (Anat.), a groove, in the epiblast of the vertebrate blastoderm, the edges of which unite, making a tube (the medullary canal) from which the brain and spinal cord are developed. -- Medullary rays (Bot.), the rays of cellular tissue seen in a transverse section of exogen…

One of the serial segments, or metameres, of which the bodies of vertebrate and articulate animals are composed.

The middle body layer in some invertebrates.

The middle one of the three pairs of embryonic renal organs developed in most vertebrates; the Wolffian body.

arts in animals and plants; one of a series of similar parts that follow one another in a vertebrate or articulate animal, as in an earthworm; a segment; a somite. See Illust. of Loeven's larva.

The most posterior of the three pairs of embryonic renal organs developed in many vertebrates.

A group of vertebrates, including the birds and reptiles, or those that have only one occipital condyle; the Sauropsida.