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, a system of organs which eliminate nitrogenous waste matter from the blood of certain invertebrates.

Of or pertaining to both the caudal and sacral parts of the vertebral column; as, the urosacral vertebræ of birds.

A styliform process forming the posterior extremity of the vertebral column in some fishes and amphibians.

A receptacle, or pouch, connected with the oviducts of many invertebrates in which the eggs are retained until they hatch or until the embryos develop more or less. See Illust. of Hermaphrodite in Append.

The terminal part of the oviduct in insects and various other invertebrates. See Illust., of Spermatheca.

er vascular system (Zoöl.), a system of vessels in annelids, nemerteans, and many other invertebrates, containing a circulating fluid analogous to blood, but not of the same composition. In annelids the fluid which they contain is usually red, but in some it is green, in others yellow, or whitish.

The anal opening of certain invertebrates and fishes; also, the external cloacal opening of reptiles, birds, amphibians, and many fishes.

A vertebra. [Obs.]

A vertebra. [Obs.]

A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, a vertebra, vertebræ, or vertebral column; as in vertebrocostal.

between the visceral clefts. -- Visceral cavity or tube (Anat.), the ventral cavity of a vertebrate, which contains the alimentary canal, as distinguished from the dorsal, or cerebro-spinal, canal. -- Visceral clefts (Anat.), transverse clefts on the sides just back of the mouth in the vertebrate embryo, which open i…

An artificial division of vertebrates including those that produce their young alive; -- opposed to Ovipara.

The orifice of the oviduct of an insect or other invertebrate.

A pore by which the water tubes of various invertebrates open externally.

One of a system of tubular excretory organs having external openings, found in many invertebrates. They are believed to be analogous in function to the kidneys of vertebrates. See Illust. under Trematodea, and Sporocyst.

ntail. (b) The old squaw. -- Winter egg (Zoöl.), an egg produced in the autumn by many invertebrates, and destined to survive the winter. Such eggs usually differ from the summer eggs in having a thicker shell, and often in being enveloped in a protective case. They sometimes develop in a manner different from that of…

cial organ which secretes the yolk of the eggs in many turbellarians, and in some other invertebrates. See Illust. of Hermaphrodite in Appendix. -- Yolk sack (Anat.), the umbilical vesicle. See under Unbilical.

l green granulelike bodies found in the interior of certain stentors, hydras, and other invertebrates.

Any one of numerous species of invertebrate animals which more or less resemble plants in appearance, or mode of growth, as the corals, gorgonians, sea anemones, hydroids, bryozoans, sponges, etc., especially any of those that form compound colonies having a branched or treelike form, as many corals and hydroids.…

One of the articular processes of a vertebra, of which there are usually four, two anterior and two posterior. See under Vertebra. -- Zyg`ap*o*phys"i*al, a.